The Nexus between agency theory and corporate governance Essay

The Nexus between organization hypothesis and corporate administration - Essay Example This exposition attempts to clarify the organization hypothesis and corporate administration in the current day condition. Financial specialists as of late are increasingly occupied to the wonder of association. The as of late figured association hypothesis organization hypothesis is unique in relation to the ones which existed before. Fama (1980) centered at the conceivable administrative work market to control and guide singular dynamic practicality. Generally all these different explanations are translated dependent on a couple of straightforward presumptions. These suppositions as indicated by Donaldson (1990) are interpreted as a 'hypothesis of intrigue, inspiration and compliance'.Specifically, office hypothesis is aimed at the omnipresent relationship, wherein one gathering (the head) delegates work to another (the operator), who plays out that work. Office hypothesis endeavors to portray this relationship utilizing the analogy of an agreement (Eisenhardt, 1989: p58).The neocl assical school examinations the person who attempts to amplify or at all to fulfill their utility among work and downtime. This mix of accepted freedom and childish excitement that is hazardous inside the relationship of specialist and head. As far as corporate administration the investor is the head. The issue emerges because of the partition of possession and control.According to Jill Solomon (2007) the inability to corporate administration and corporate fold can occur in the firmest organization. It is conceivable to allure the Investors, banks and representatives through an organization's notoriety and accomplishment. This can even go ahead despite any potential risks. On the off chance that the operators of monetary responsibility were scholarly people, as it is an unquestionable requirement dependent on the financial and fund hypothesis, this type of blindness would never happen. In any case, the issue is that it happens, financial specialists carry on reasonably not generally , and the variables of human conduct and brain science are precarious to fit in a money structure or a monetary speculation. Instances of nonsensical conduct in the UK during the 1980s were that of Polly Peck and Coloroll. This was a situation when the entrepreneur discovered significant data identifying with unexpected liabilities were absent from the records of these organizations (Smith et each of the, 1992). Contrasts among administrators and shareowners Office hypothesis raises a fundamental issue in associations and that is self-intrigued direct. The chiefs of a company typically have their own objectives which frequently go across streets with the owner's objective of expanding investor riches. As the investors offer influence to the directors to deal with the association's riches, an imminent distinction of sentiment emerges between the two gatherings. Office Cost How does the specialist that is the organization executives serve the vital that is the investors is the issue. The arrangement lies in tolerating specific organization costs. These expenses include either in creating motivations or affirm which change official vanity with the worries of investors. Or, in all likelihood they might be associated with overseeing official conduct so as to control their personal circumstance. This prompted the improvement of the quantity of non-administrators on the organization sheets. Additionally it brought about enlarged course of action of their capacity and contemplations of opportunity, prompting changes everywhere throughout the world. The partition of the part played by the CEO and that played by the non-official has been made a piece of this change. The foundation of review, pay, and proposals boards of trustees is really free non-administrators designated to guarantee the correct utilization of the motivating forces and furthermore to check the exhibition of the officials. These inward controls

The Potao Famine Gone But Not Forgotten free essay sample

The Potao Famine: Gone But Not Forgotten Essay, Research Paper A hundred and fifty mature ages prior in September, 1845, the Dublin neighborhood paper # 8220 ; Dublin Evening Post # 8221 ; , revealed a # 8220 ; ailment in the murphy collect # 8221 ; . This ended up being the murphy curse which demolished 40 % of the reap that twelvemonth and around 100 % the accompanying twelvemonth. The devatation was known as # 8220 ; The Great Hunger # 8221 ; and brought about expansive spread famishment and mass out-relocation to Britain and the Americas. As a result, the populace declined from @ 8,295,000 to less so 6,000,000 of every a couple of mature ages. In 1845 a fungous infection called the late scourge, showed up in the Irish murphy gather with obliterating outcomes. The late scourge shows itself in any part of the works. Staining of the foliages accompainied by wool form is once in a while the primary imprint. The tubers may other than be tainted in the feild or away, with stain of the covering, with a rosy earthy colored dry rot augmenting to the tuber. We will compose a custom article test on The Potao Famine Gone But Not Forgotten or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Later a foul, nauseating smelling rot may destruct the tuber. It is currently realized that the scourge is brought about by the growth Phytophtora infestans an Oomycete which Bel ; ongs to the family unit Pythiaceae. This species is described by coenocytic mycelium and theproduction of biflagellate, motile zoospores. The organism is heterothallic and can replicate explicitly within the sight of a contrary coupling type. Sexual multiplication follows preparation of an oogonium by an antheridium resulting in the creation of an oospore. Overwintering can be in the signifier of resting mtcelium or oospores. In the wake of growing both will follow in the creation of spore case which can shoot straight by offices of a germ tubing or in a roundabout way by offices of the motile zoospores. Germination is trailed by encystment and appresorium arrangement. Phytohphtora infestans other than influenced potato gathers in the nor-east United States and Southern Canada each piece great as a lot of western Europe iin add-on to Ireland in 1845, however the impacts were no place near each piece devestating as in Ireland on the grounds that in those topographic focuses the eating routine was significantly more expanded and the individuals were non so subject to the murphy. Despite the fact that it happened 150 mature ages prior, the Irish have non overlooked # 8221 ; The Great Hunger # 8221 ; . On account of the impact of conditions on the developement and spread of the late scourge, the Irish Meterological Services keeps on airing alerts of conditions prefering the spread of murphy curse. Besides, the Irish individuals have increased a notoriety for loaning powers and assets in aread of the universe directly standing up to lack, great messed up with regards to the size and financial arrangement of their little island.

The Different Types of Psychoactive Drugs

The Different Types of Psychoactive Drugs Addiction Drug Use Hallucinogens Print The Different Types of Psychoactive Drugs By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 14, 2019 Doug Schneider Photography/Photolibrary/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Hallucinogens Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Psychoactive, also called psychotropic, is a term that is applied to chemical substances that change a persons mental state by affecting the way the brain and nervous system work. This can lead to intoxication, which is often the main reason people choose to take psychoactive drugs. The changes in brain function experienced by people who use psychoactive substances affect their perceptions, moods, and/or consciousness. Psychoactive substances are found in  a number of medications as well as in alcohol, illegal and recreational drugs, and some plants and even animals.  Alcohol and caffeine are psychoactive drugs that people most commonly use to alter their mental state. These drugs are legally available, but can still be physically and psychologically harmful if taken to excess. Usually, people decide when and how they want to use psychoactive drugs. In some situations, however, psychoactive drugs are used to alter someones mental state in order to exploit the person. A common example of this is the date-rape drug Rohypnol, which is illegal in the U.S. You should also be aware that taking prescribed psychoactive drugs in ways other than intended, for example, taking drugs which have been prescribed for someone else, even if they have been given to you, is illegal.?? Natural substances, such as hallucinogenic mushrooms and cacti, and the leaves, flowers, and buds of certain plants may also be psychoactive.??  Some people think that,  because these substances occur naturally, they are less harmful than manufactured drugs. However, that is not the case. For example, someone who uses a psychoactive plant to alter his or her mental state may have a higher risk of overdose or poisoning. The reason for this is because the person taking the substance has no control over the strength of the  plants  psychoactive substance or toxicity, as there is in manufactured drugs. The same is true of street drugs purchased from a drug dealer, which are typically cut with a variety of other psychoactive and filler substances, some of which may be harmful. A drug or medication thats termed psychoactive isnt necessarily addictive, although many are. How Are Psychoactive Drugs Classified? There are four ways in which psychoactive drugs are classified: By their common effects (effects they all have) in the brain and body -- for example, antidepressants, hypnotics (sleep aids), and medications used to treat conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)By their likelihood to cause addiction (high to low)By their chemical structureBy U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration schedules I-V, which classify these drugs by the potential for abuse (I is highest, V is lowest)?? This article provides detail on psychoactive drugs common effects. The five groups of psychoactive drugs are stimulants, depressants, narcotics (opioids), hallucinogens, and, marijuana (cannabis). Stimulants. Examples of effects include heightened alertness, greater energy, excitability, improvement in mood that can reach euphoria, and bodily responses such as increased heart rate and blood pressure.   Examples of stimulants include caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine. Examples of the effects of excessive use of cocaine may include irritability, mood swings, hallucination, heart palpitations, chest pain, and even death.?? Depressants. Examples of effects include reduced feelings of tension, relief of anxiety, and muscle relaxation. With excessive use, effects may include clammy skin, slow and shallow breathing, a rapid and weak pulse, coma, and death.?? Examples of depressants include alcohol and tranquilizers such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Opioids. Almost all the drugs in this group are derived from morphine. Examples of their effects include pain relief, drowsiness, euphoria, confusion, and respiratory depression (slowed breathing that keeps the lungs from expanding fully and providing enough oxygen to the body). With excessive use, effects may include nausea and vomiting, convulsions, respiratory arrest, coma, and death.?? Examples of opioids include some painkillers, such as codeine, morphine, oxycodone, and heroin. Other over-the-counter painkillers, such as aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen, may not contain opioids. However, they can still cause health problems and overdose if taken excessively. Hallucinogens. Examples of effects include paranoia, depersonalization (a sense of not being real), hallucinations, erratic behavior, and increased blood pressure and heart rate. Effects of excessive use may include problems thinking and speaking, memory loss, depression, and weight loss. Medical emergencies seldom occur.??   Examples of hallucinogens include psilocybin from  mushrooms, acid (LSD), ketamine, phencyclidine (PCP), dextromethorphan, and peyote (mescaline). Marijuana (cannabis). Examples of the psychoactive effects of marijuana include changes in sensory perception; euphoria; relaxation; appetite changes; impaired memory, concentration, and coordination; and changes in blood pressure.?? Marijuana is the only drug in its class. Legal Highs (designer drugs). Legal highs are psychoactive substances which are sold as legal and safe ways to get high. They can be sold as stimulants, hallucinogenics, sedatives or a combination.?? As their chemical composition is often unknown, they present clear challenges to toxicologists, medical staff, and society. They include bath salts, mephedrone, W18, MXE, spice,  and many others.

Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein - 1554 Words

Madison Franklin English 203 Echols 20 October 2014 Revenge on Mankind In Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein, the being created by Victor Frankenstein has been cast out due to his horrid appearance and the gruesome way in which he came to be. The monster finds refuge in a hovel next to a small family living in Germany. One day he notices a leather satchel in the yard, he quickly gathers the satchel and its contents and returns to his hovel. The bag contained strictly books, one of them being John Milton’s â€Å"Paradise Lost†. After observing the family for some time, he attains the ability to read and speak. With this ability he reads all the books within the bag, and feels a profound connection between himself and Satan in â€Å"Paradise Lost†. Similar to the monster, Satan was cast out of heaven after betraying God by planning a revolt against him. Both characters were formed, cast out, and betrayed by their creators, due to differing circumstances. However, in the wake of their rejections they both vow revenge on mankind. Victor Frankenstein creates his creature in a makeshift laboratory that he constructed in his apartment. He gathered bits and pieces of body parts from multiple corpses to produce the ideal being. However, it caused Victor a great deal of agony to see the creature in its animate form. The creature was immediately cast out by Victor and fled from the apartment and into the forest. The creature seeks refuge in the hovel, and through a peephole in the wall;Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1411 Words   |  6 PagesIn the early 1800s Mary Shelley set pen to a paper and started to develop a novel that little to her knowledge would become world renowned. In 1818 she finished and published the novel to sell to the European public. The novel caught the world off guard in the way that a female was able to write about such harsh, dark, and evil things in a European society whose authors like John Locke and Charles Montesquieu preached enlightenme nt, self exploration, and individualism all in an optimistic enablingRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1615 Words   |  7 Pagesa whole and how accurate a depiction they might think it to be, they will miss out on many of the qualities of the painting that reside below the immediately apparent surface level. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is a text dedicated to expounding upon the dangers of such superficial analysis. In Frankenstein, Mary Shelley openly condemns the surface level and appearance oriented methodology under which the human mind operates. The very protagonist of the novel is inspired solely by reputation and howRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1758 Words   |  8 PagesFrankenstein was published over 200 years ago. Ever since it was published, it has been one of the most famous books known to literature. History.com Staff states that this book, by 21-year-old Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, is frequently called the world’s first science fiction novel (History.com Staff). According to Wikipedia, Shelley was an English novelist. She was born August 30th, 1797. She died on February 1st, 1951 (Wikipedia). Shelley came up with the idea of Frankenstein as she andRead MoreBiblical Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1376 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature 16 November 2015 Biblical Analysis: Frankenstein Frankenstein by Mary Shelley often refers to the bible on a number of occasions. However, it is worth noting that many references used by Mary Shelley in Frankenstein can often be identified in Genesis. Much like Genesis, the story of Frankenstein is a viable creation story. The book of Genesis first explains the creation of man and woman, and also recounts the fall of humanity. Unlike Genesis, Frankenstein begins with the fall of humanityRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And Frankenstein1410 Words   |  6 Pagescompassion and sympathy through the love of a person whom cares very deeply about them. In Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, the three main characters Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein and Frankenstein (The Monster) are shown throughout the story, longing and in search for a companion. Throughout the story, the characters struggle with the battle of wanting either sympathy or compassion from a person or both. Mary Shelley shows the true indication of Human Nature by showing the importance of sympathy andRead MoreAnalysis of Mary Shelley ´s Frankenstein991 Words   |  4 Pagesalive. If it can learn, eventually speak, or came about because of another, it’s a person. The Creature of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is no exception. Victor’s creation needs nourishment, education, and morals, which should be provided by it’s creator, it’s parent, just like any other child. The way that needs of an individual are met shapes the outcome of their life. In her novel, Shelley demonstrates this impact that parents have on their child’s life through the contrasting upbringing of VictorRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1701 Words   |  7 Pages Frankenstein is a novel that is practically devoid of any female presence, yet author Mary Shelley pens a story that is lush with portrayals of feminine ideology. Throughout the course of this novel, the audience is introduced to three different female characters. The first is Elizabeth Lavenza— Victor Frankenstein’s wife. She is presented as a passive and weak woman who embodies the traditional role of women in the 19th century. Caroline Beaufort is present in the novel, but her role is limitedRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1038 Words   |  5 PagesAlexi Torres English III Dr. W.W. Allman December 1, 2015 Frankenstein In Mary Shelley’s, Frankenstein, she shows that good people can turn evil, but are not born this way. Humans being rude and isolating someone can make a person go insane and do things they are not proud of. Shelley shows this through the creature that Frankenstein creates and gives examples showing his evilness, but also shows that the creature tries to explain many times that he wants a friend and cannot find one becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1088 Words   |  5 PagesCreature’s Argument In the novel, Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, the Creature s only need is for a female companion, which he asks Victor Frankenstein his maker to create. Shelley shows the argument between the creature and Frankenstein. The creature says: I demand a creature of another sex, but as hideous as myself (Shelley 139). Shelley shows what the creature wants from Frankenstein and what his needs are. Shelley gives us an idea of the sympathy that Frankenstein might feel for the creature evenRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 843 Words   |  4 PagesThe Wretch Frankenstein is a novel written by English author Mary Shelley about a peculiar scientist named Victor Frankenstein. Victor, who is a scientist endeavoring to make history, engenders a monstrous but attentive creature in an eccentric scientific experiment. The monster that he engenders faces abnegation and fear from his creator and society. The monster is the worst kind of scientific experiment gone awry. The creature has compassion for society but additionally wants to take revenge on

Essay on the Illusion of Escape in The Glass Menagerie

The Illusion of Escape in The Glass Menagerie In The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams, the characters exhibit a state of delusion that originates from their dissatisfaction with their lives. Tom seeks adventure in the movies. Amanda reminisces often about her days as a Southern Belle. Laura sits in a dream world with her glass collection, and Jim basks in the praises of his high school glory. In their respective ways, they demonstrate their restlessness. The quotation from Thoreau, The mass of men lead lives of the quiet desperation, applies to the characters in that they are all unhappy, but take no action to improve their situation in any significant way. Tom, as the narrator, explains to the audience the†¦show more content†¦Eventually he alleviates his distress of being in the warehouse where his creativity goes to waste by joining The Union of Merchant Seamen. Tom does not solve his problems; he runs from them. The guilt from deserting his family will always exist in his life, creating another source of eternal grief. Tom will never fully escape his two-by-four situation. While Amanda often regresses to the memories of better days, she is more level-headed than the remaining members of her family. A major source of irritation for her lies in her childrens inability to deal with their problems. She wants good lives for them, but is rebuffed when she endeavors to help. She fears for Lauras future because the girl finds so many activities she [cant] face. Laura becomes ill when pressured and cannot speak with people she does not know. Amanda cannot understand Lauras silliness over answering the door. Tom also distresses her by not taking his job and responsibility seriously. She fears that he will lose his job, and their family is already having economic difficulties. Despite all of her plans for the family, she knows their lives will be nothing but difficult, so she retreats into the past, telling stories of all of her gentlemen callers. Amanda is hiding from her worst fear that they will be eating the crust of humility all their [lives]. Playing worn records and arranging her glass figurines, Laura is the main quandary in the lives of Tom andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Illusions of Escape in The Glass Menagerie3142 Words   |  13 PagesIllusions of Escape in The Glass Menagerie      Ã‚  Ã‚   Tennessee Williams play The Glass Menagerie gives readers a look into a truly dysfunctional family.   At first it could seem as if their lives are anything but normal, but Amandas impulse to preserve her single-parent family seems as familiar as the morning newspaper (Presley 53).   The Wingfields are a typical family just struggling to get by.   Their problems, however, stem from their inability to effectively communicate with each other.  Read More Essay on the Symbolism of the Menagerie in The Glass Menagerie1002 Words   |  5 PagesThe Symbolism of the Menagerie in The Glass Menagerie      Ã‚   Tennessee Williams play, The Glass Menagerie, describes three separate characters, their dreams, and the harsh realities they face in a modern world.   The Glass Menagerie exposes the lost dreams of a southern family and their desperate struggle to escape reality. Williams use of symbols adds depth to the play. The glass menagerie itself is a symbol Williams uses to represent the broken lives of Amanda, Laura and Tom Wingfield andRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams Essay1211 Words   |  5 PagesAlbert Einstein, a man of great wit and intellect is quoted as saying, â€Å"Reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one†. Could he mean that the concept of reality is nothing more than an imagined arena with society and our place in it being figments of our own design? Regardless of reality’s genesis or authenticity it is indeed persistent and inescapable. In his play, The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams explores this notion of rea lity as a painful encroachment that all humans counteractRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie Drama Reaction Paper912 Words   |  4 PagesThe Glass Menagerie Drama Reaction Paper ENG 125 September 19, 2012 Heather Carlopio The Glass Menagerie In this week’s Drama literary composition The Glass Menagerie the author Tennessee Williams tells the story of a poor family of three living in a small apartment. The story takes place in the early 1900s and most of the scenes take place in their apartment. The drama was set from the beginning of the story when the author first determines that Laura has a disability, and she is unsureRead MoreLiterary Appreciation Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿GEAS2103 Literary Appreciation: Term Essay Outline CUI KE JUN, April (13635670) Essay topic: Compare and contrast the conflicts faced by the protagonists in the two texts. Discuss how they are forced to submit to their parents. In literature, the conflict moves the story forward. When the story is to end the protagonist’s favor, the conflict occurs. It is what the major character must face with and hopefully defeat. What behind conflict is want. The author always creates situations where the charactersRead MoreA Shattered Myth in The Glass Menagerie Essay2485 Words   |  10 PagesWilliamss play The Glass Menagerie, we are introduced to a young lady named Laura. Being shy, to an extreme, Laura lives in a world of her own making. It is a socially limited world where she is safe from all lifes painful embarrassments. Laura has wrapped herself in a blanket of protection within the walls of her familys lower middle-class apartment. There in her protected fortress she cares for her collection of glass animals, a collection her mother calls the glass menagerie. There is a consistentRead More Dreams of Escape in The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams2189 Words   |  9 Pages     Ã‚   In The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams presents us with four characters whose lives seem to consist in avoiding reality more than facing it. Amanda lives her life through her children and clings to her lost youthfulness. Tom retreats into movie theaters and into his dream of joining the merchant seamen and some day becoming a published poet. Laura resorts to her Victrola and collection of glass ornaments to help sustain her world of fantasy. Finally, Jim is only able to find some reliefRead More Dreams and Escape in The Glass Menagerie Essay2243 Words   |  9 PagesDreams and Escape in The Glass Menagerie    None of the characters in The Glass Menagerie is capable of living in the present. Everyday life is so oppressive that each character, through their dreams, retreats into a fantasy world. This essay will examine the reality faced by Amanda, Tom, Laura and Jim and probe how, through their dreams, each character attempts to transcend reality. Amanda, having lost her husband and having to take care of her two children, namely Tom and LauraRead MoreTenessee Williams The Glass Menagerie1957 Words   |  8 Pages TThis essay will discuss the metaphors associated with the characters in The Glass Menagerie and how each of these metaphors represents a fragment of the American Dream. She is like a piece of her glass collection, too fragile to be brought into the real world without being devastated. Because of her sensibility, she has avoided dealing with people for so long that when she finally tries to socialise with Jim, she fails to see that she is being manipulated. Amanda is a faded Southern belle whoRead MoreSymbolism In The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams Essay1827 Words   |  8 PagesTennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie, is a play that evokes great sympathy and in some cases, empathy for a protagonist who struggles to overcome two opposing forces; his responsibilities and his desires. There are many symbols and non-liner references that contribute to the development of characterization, dramatic tensions and the narrative. This essay will examine in detail, the aspects of th e play that contribute to the development of the above mentioned elements. In Toms opening addresses

Aristotle and George Boole Free Essays

Aristotle and George Boole contributed to the progression in mathematics and logic with their findings. Plato’s most influential student, Aristotle, job was to be a puzzle solver mostly for metaphysical phenomena and some of his works are more solid and structured prior analytics. He learned from Plato and later taught his understanding of logic, reasoning, and debate at his peripatetic school. We will write a custom essay sample on Aristotle and George Boole or any similar topic only for you Order Now He wanted to systematize each set of knowledge into certain rules and marking and ordering things. By doing this, he was able to create abstract timeless labels. It is from this that he was able to create laws of thought known as logical absolutes. The mechanistic movement in the late years of the Renaissance made Aristotle create a distinct line between the physical sciences and mathematics. Aristotle considered the knowledge of geometry and arithmetic calculations to be the most important of the mathematical sciences. Aristotle considers that most mathematical theorems to have the idea of A and C with a middle value B, which lies between A and C that helps intertwine and create a connection between the three. He was able to formulate this from his success of the logical theory. The first fundamental principle of predication is identity. This means that an object will act accordingly to the actions of that object. For example, a ball will have the characteristics of a ball. It will not be able to swim like a fish. The second fundamental principle of prediction is the law of non-contradiction. Meaning that it is impossible for an object to be a certain way and not be that certain way at the same time. The third principle is the law of excluded middle, which means an object needs to either be or not be. It can’t partially be. The first person known to suggest these ideas was the pre-Socratic philosopher Parmenides of Elea who said, â€Å"Never will this prevail, that what is not is†. Aristotle applied this idea to the natural world around him. He observed that an object, tree couldn’t also be a flower. It couldn’t be a tree and not a tree simultaneously as well. Aristotle geometric propositions are that angles at the base of an isosceles triangle are equal, angles about a point are two right angles, if two straight-lines are parallel and a straight-line intersects them, the interior angle is equal to the exterior angle, if a straight-line intersects two straight-lines and makes interior or exterior angles equal to two right angles on the same side with each, then the lines are parallel, but it is possibly the weaker theorem that each angle formed by the intersecting line is right, rather than their sum equals two right angles. More of Aristotle’s propositions include, the locus of points formed by taking lines in a given ratio (not 1 to 1 ratio) from two given points constitute a circle The shape of a square is unaltered when a gnomon is added, but a rectangle’s shape is altered, where a gnomon has the shape of a carpenter’s square; about a unit you add three units to get a 2 by 2 square, and about two units you add four units to get a 3 by 2 square, and Two spheres rotating in different directions, with one carrying the other, produce a non-uniform motion. George Boole converted logic to mathematics. He is best known for â€Å"The Mathematical Analysis of Logic†, being an essay towards a calculus of deductive reasoning in 1847 and â€Å"The Laws of Thought† in 1854. Regular number algebra has the basic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division while Boolean algebra works on Boolean variables, true and false. The Boolean operations include and, or, and not. Boole was able to show how the symbols of quantity can be separated from those of operation. With Boole began the algebra of logic (Boolean algebra) in 1847. Boole’s original general symbolic method of logical inference, as explained in his, â€Å"Laws of Thought†, draws solutions that are logically contained in the properties. He tried to create a general method in probabilities, which would make it possible the determine the consequent probability of another even that logically connected with the present events of a probability. Boole’s abstruse reasoning has led to applications like the telephone switch and electronic computers use binary digits and logical elements that rely on Boolean logic for their design and operation. Both Aristotle and George Boole contributed to mathematics and its power to better understand the world around us through analytical, geometrical, psychological, and logical way. Their discoveries and ideas helped the world to better understand the systematic actions of the universe. How to cite Aristotle and George Boole, Papers

Study for Final Essay Example

Study for Final Essay 1. Under which of the following circumstances will the seller pay the whole of an excise (per unit) tax? a)when the tax is collected from the buyer b)when the supply curve has a zero elasticity c)when the demand curve has a zero elasticity d)when the tax is collected from the seller The following three questions refer to the accompanying diagram of a competitive market. Refer to Figure 3 above. A per unit tax is imposed on consumers. The initial price and quantity are P0 and Q0, respectively. After the tax is imposed, the equilibrium quantity is Q1, firms receive the price Ps, and consumers pay the price Pd. . Area C + D + F + G is a)the tax revenue collected by the government b)the total value that consumers receive from their purchases c)the fall in producers surplus d)the deadweight loss due to the tax 3. Refer to Figure 3 above. Which is the deadweight loss from the imposition of the tax? a)E b)E + H c)H d)J e)E + H + J 4. In the perfectly competitive firm a)the demand curve appe ars to be horizontal b)the supply curve appears to be horizontal c)the supply curve is the MC curve above average variable costs d)the supply curve is the MC curve above average fixed costs e)a and c of the above . For a firm in short run perfectly competitive equilibrium a)P=MC b)AR=MC c)AR=MR d)all of the above e)a and b of the above 6. In short run perfectly competitive equilibrium, profits for the typical firm are given by (* indicate the value at the firm’s profit maximizing quantity) a)(P*-MC*)q* b)(P*-AC*)q* c)(MR*-AC*)q* d)(MC*-AC*)q* e)all but a above 7. A firm that is in short run competitive equilibrium and for whom PAVC a)will produce a zero output b)will leave the industry c)will produce the profit maximizing output d)a and c of the above e)none of the above 8. When a simple monopolist – no price discrimination chooses to sell an additional unit of a good or service a)marginal revenue will be equal to the going market price b)it will have to lower its price on the additional unit and on all other units c)marginal revenue will always be negative d)marginal revenue will be less than the price e)b and d QuantityPriceTotal RevenueAverage RevenueMarginal Revenue 135 35 2 6432 29 329 4 17 523 11 6120 717 -1 8 -7 9 9911-13 9. If the monopolist wants to maximize its revenue, how many units of its product should it sell? a)4 b)5 c)6 d)8 10. Assume this monopolists marginal cost is constant at $11. What quantity of output (Q) will it produce and what price (P) will it charge? a)Q = 4, P = $27 b)Q = 4, P = $25 c)Q = 5, P = $23 d)Q = 7, P = $17 Suppose that the industry price of this product is $12 in a competitive industry. Every firm in the industry has fixed costs of $10 and has the following marginal cost s: Quantity Marginal Cost 1 $4 2 6 3 8 4 10 5 12 11. How many units does a firm produce? a)2 b)3 c)4 d)5 e)Not enough information 12. How much profit does the firm earn? a)2 b)6 c)8 d)10 e)Not enough information We will write a custom essay sample on Study for Final specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Study for Final specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Study for Final specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer