Research Methodology Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1428 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? 3.1: Introduction In this chapter, the methodology being used to conduct this research will be explained. This will lead to the theoretical framework, data collection and the method of data analysis. 3.2: Research design University of Texas at Austin (2010) states that. Research design is a plan outlining on how to gathered information for an assessment or evaluation which includes identifying the data gathering methods, the instruments to be used/created, and how the information will be organized and analyzed. Research design used to structure the research, in order to show how the important parts of the research, such as the samples of groups and the method of assignment to work together to reach the research question (William, M.K., Trochim, 2006). A good research design can provide valid conclusions and suggestion from the research. (William, M.K., Trochim, 2006). https://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/design.php (University of Texas)https://www.utexas.edu/academic/diia/assessment/iar/glossary.php Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Research Methodology Finance Essay" essay for you Create order 3.2.1: The purpose of the study The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between CFM and WCM, WCP, WC and CCC and ratio. A descriptive study was initially being undertaken in order to describe the variables of this research. 3.3 Theoretical Framework Independent Variables Gross Profit Net Profit Revenue (sales) Total Assets Total Liability Total Equity Dependent Variables Cash Conversion Cycle Working Capital Management Working Capital Policy Profitability Ratio Liquidity Ratio Figure 14: Research Model for the Research Study Figure 14 is the research model for this research study. The research model had been developed based on the objectives that had been stated down in the chapter 1of this research study. It is the outlines for the research study and it form up by six attributes, namely the independent variables and dependent variables, which is the guideline to conduct the research study. The independent variables in this research study are the six measurement of cash flow. They are gross profit, net profit, revenue, total assets, total liability and total equity. However the dependent variables in this research were CCC, WCP, WCM, profitability ratio and liquidity ratio. The six major features had enabled this research to study the importance of CFM in Tobacco Industry in Malaysia. 3.4 Data Collection Methods According to Saunders et al (2000), there are two types of data; they are primary and secondary data. Secondary data are those data that has already existed or being collected by other researchers for particular purposes and primary data is data that a researcher collects based on his or her own for a specific purpose (Cooper et al 2003). Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A., 2000. Research Methods for Business Students. 2nd ed. Gosport: Pearson Education Limited. Cooper, D.R Schindler, P.S., 2003. Business Research Methods. 8th ed. United States: McGraw-Hill Publication. However, the existed data has made the secondary data the most appropriate sources to be use in this research. Thus, the information needs for this research are accounting data. The secondary accounting data sources can be found in the file or report recorded and reported by accountants. Using secondary data has bringing the advantage of time saving, cheaper, faster and easily accessible while involve in data collection process (Colorado State University, 2010).Those studies employed data from financial statements of sample firms. (Colorado state university) https://writing.colostate.edu/guides/research/survey/com4c2a.cfm 3.4.1: Secondary Data Collection A range of secondary data and information were utilised to obtain the information regarding the definition of cash flow, and the concept of CF in term of WC, planning and control, in order to carry out this research. The Information and data were obtained from various resources. Among the sources, reference books are the major and important sources to on the basic knowledge for Cash Flow (CF) concept. There are substantial numbers of books in the field of financial and management accounting on this topic and valuable literature can be combined by referring to those books as various accounting theorists have explored on this topic. Sources from Butterworths Public Library, Penangs Public Library, and Library in College PTPL Penang are the major information in this research. However, references books do not provide sufficient information in relations to this research. There are some sources from academic journal, newspapers and magazines that provide some other information in t his project. Furthermore, internet web sites are also the importance methods that use to locate the information or sources about the Cash flow Management (CFM) and the company annual report. Normally, internet information will employ World Wide Web because it will provide a useful source to obtain further information regarding to this project. Google is the main internet search engine that being used on this research study. Other than that, Google e-book, e-library of Anglia Ruskin University (ARU) were used to collect the information which written by the author from various country, especially from India and United Kingdom. 96 Using internet resource was unquestionable advantage, where it gives access to internet web sites which contain some valuable articles on this topic. Thus, Internet provides useful sources to collect additional information with regards on this project. In this research study, the data are mostly collected from the financial statements of listed compa nies on the Bursa Malaysia obtained from the Bursa Malaysia Listed Company website for annual reports 2004 to 2009. To focus on the CFM, profitability and liquidity, calculation of management of debtors, creditors, inventory and stock are selected directly from the CFS, balance sheet, and income statement. 3.5: Sample selection The sample size used for this research study was the company in the Tobacco Industry in Malaysia listed on Bursa Malaysia. The sample size for the targeted participants is 80% of the Tobacco Industry in Malaysia. The targeted participants in this research study included two companies in Tobacco Industry in Malaysia, which are British American Tobacco Malaysia Berhad and JT International Malaysia Berhad from year 2004-2009. The samples are selected according to the following criteria: The companies must have completed data for all variables such as cash flow statements, income statements and balance sheets. The companies must have operated during the fiscal year ended December 31. The companies must be listed on the Bursa Malaysia. 3.6: Data Analysis All secondary data obtained from the different sources will be analysed in the order to gain a proper framework. All of these data will be analysed in detailed and summarised in readable and easily interpreted form for addressing the research question accordingly. Data which been collected from the financial annual report will be use to analysed by a few ratio analyses by using the profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, effectiveness of management policies, and cash flow ratios. The results obtained from the analysis are useful in providing answer to the research study. The ratio analyses that bad had been employed in this research study are stated in figure 15. Besides that, the Microsoft Excel also will be using by this research for the purpose to analysis the result of the ratio for these three companies. Broad area of analysis Also known as Ratios Calculation Questions ratio seek to answer Profitability Ratio Earning Capacity Ratio Gross Profit ratio Gross Profit Net sales Is the profit from the sale of product or service sufficient to cover the overheads generated in producing or providing that product or service? Net Profit Ratio Net Profit before tax Net Sales Is the return on the owners investment satisfactory or should alternatives be considered? Return of Equity Ratio Net Profit______ Average of owner equity How effective is the return on the companys investment in these assets? Financial Stability (Liquidity Ratio) Short-term financial stability ratio Cash Ratio Cash_____ Total Assets How much cash in hand the company should hold to meet their short term operation needs? Current Ratio Current Assets___ Current Liabilities Is the company able to pay out the short term debts when required by creditors? Quick Ratio (Acid test ratio) Current Assets Inventory Current Liabilities Can the company meet all its obligations immediately? Long-term financial stability (Solvency Ratio) Debt Ratio Total Liabilities___ Total Assets How financially secure is this company in long term period? Leverage ratio (Gearing ratio) Equity Ratio Total Owner Equity__ Total Assets To what extent the company depend on external finance (Debt/Borrowings)? How much long-term debt financing is being used by the company? Effective of Management Policies Activity ratios Turnover of Inventories ratio Cost of Goods Sold__ Average Inventory How frequent is the inventory being order to generate revenue Turnover of accounts receivable rate Account Receivable X 365 Net Credit Sales How effectively the company collect the cash from debtors to ensure steady cash flow? Any bad debts arise? Figure 15: Table of ratios Total 1022

No Other Beverage Compares to Water Essay - 1054 Words

There are many beverages available to drink through out the day with varying prices. After a long muscle aching work out at the gym, a scorching hot, like the oven, summer day at the beach, or just looking for a cold refreshing beverage to drink through out the stressing day, there is no other choice that fits the requirements of ice cold, thirst quenching, crystal clear water. Ice cold water is not only need to quench your thirst but also, for medical reasons such as proper maintenance and lubrication of your organs and joints. It assists in the purification, removal of toxins, and waste from your body. If you are looking to lose weight, it also contributes to that. Water is a very essential liquid that everyone needs more than they†¦show more content†¦When it comes to replacing essential elements needed from exercising, studies have shown this statement is only true when it comes to extreme exercising over a long period of time, such as a triathlon (â€Å"The Soko† ). Some drinks such as Tiger Woods gatorade may have extra ingredients such as sugar, vitamins, electrolytes or caffeine. Mineral enhanced water typically contains salts and carbon dioxide. These items can cause medical problems if the person is unaware of its contents. The extra sodium can cause fluid retention and swelling or increase blood pressure. These products are not necessary for the additional price they charge consumers. If there is not enough water being consumed there is a chance of dehydration. Dehydration symptoms consist of pounding headaches, lethargy, confusion, weakness, dry chapped lips, and leather like dry skin. People with the highest risk are elderly and small children. As the body ages, normal processes are much slower. Mental awareness combined with use of diuretics, laxatives, and limited mobility increases their risk for severe dehydration. Most elderly people have less food intake which will increase their need to consume water. Babies are at high risk also when they get sick. Increased excretions, vomiting, and diarrhea can quickly put the child in a dehydration state. It becomes important for the parents to watch like a hawk for signs of dehydration such as: cold clammy skin, lethargy,Show MoreRelatedFinancial Report Analysis : Coca Cola And Pepsico1020 Words   |  5 PagesFinancial Report Analysis: Coca-Cola and PepsiCo Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are the most iconic and globally known biggest soft drink companies, and their products and beverages are sold around the world. It seems that their battle in the non-alcoholic beverage drinking industry never ends. Among consumers, it is challenging to decide which of the two leading soft drinks they prefer because the both companies’ products are taking over the soft drink markets by its brand name, and the variety of products’Read MoreData Of A Manage System Essay1638 Words   |  7 Pagesmanage scheme. 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Emergence of Communicative Language Teaching Free Essays

Discuss the three terms â€Å"Approach†, â€Å"Method† and â€Å"Technique† and describe one Approach which provides the basis for a Method and subsequently some Techniques under that particular Method. APPROACH Theories about the nature of language and language learning Theory of language Structural Functional Interactional METHOD Objectives Organization of Content Syllabus Design Roles 1. Learner2. We will write a custom essay sample on Emergence of Communicative Language Teaching or any similar topic only for you Order Now Teacher3. Materials Types of Interaction Types of activities Content Based TECHNIQUEImplementation of the design Classroom Practice Activities behavior’s In English language teaching process, there are terms that teachers need to know. They are approach, method, and technique. About four decades ago (1963) Edward M. Anthony gave us a definition that has admirably withstood the test of time. According to Edward M. Anthony an approach is a set of correlative assumptions dealing with the nature of the language and the nature of language teaching and learning. In other words the word ‘approach’ in ELT refers to different theories about the nature of language and how languages are learned. Let us move on to our second definition – of method. Method is an overall plan for systematic presentation of language based on selected approach. It consists of a number of techniques, arranged in an order. When we talk about techniques we mean specific activities which take place in a classroom. Using flash cards in the classroom is a technique. Techniques must be consistent with a method, and therefore in harmony with an approach too. According to Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics, Approach refers to different theories about the nature of the language and how languages are learned. Method refers to a way of teaching a language based on systematic principles. It is an application of views on how language is taught and learned. Technique refers to what takes place in the classroom. The forthcoming analysis focuses on the behaviourist approach, the audio lingual method and different drilling techniques. The Audio-Lingual Method The Audio-lingual method is a style of teaching used in teaching foreign languages. It is based on behaviorist theory. Behaviourist theory professes that certain traits of living things could be trained through a system of reinforcement. The Audio-lingual method was widely used in the United States and other countries in the 1950’s and 1960’s. The theory underlying Audio-lingual method is that ‘language is primarily speech’. If listening and speaking skills were developed, they would form the foundation for developing reading and writing skills. As learning a language is acquiring a certain set of habits, this method recommends that the teachers of English should take up pronunciation practice, pattern drills and conversation practice in their classroom regularly. Another principle that has become the basis for this method is that all of us have learnt our languages by listening to the language spoken by others and speaking it starting with monosyllabic disyllabic sounds. According to ELT experts a second language can be learnt in this way. The Audio-lingual method is a method that deals with a behaviorist theory that uses stimulus, response, and reinforcement. STIMULUSRESPONSEREINFORCEMENT Here are some psychological foundations of the Audio-lingual method. Foreign language learning is basically a process of mechanical habit formation. Good habits are formed by giving correct responses rather than by mistakes. By memorizing dialogues and performing pattern drills the chances of producing mistakes are minimized. Language is verbal behaviour. Language skills are learned more effectively if they are presented orally first, then in written or printed form. An analogy provides a better foundation for language learning than analysis. Analogy involves the process of generalization and discrimination. Explanation of how language functions under certain rules is not given by the teacher. Students should practice a pattern in different contexts and arrive at the analogy between the first and the second language. The teaching of grammar is best done inductively rather than deductively. The meanings that the words of a language have for the native speaker can be learnt only in a linguistic and cultural context and not in isolation. Teaching a language thus involves teaching aspects of the cultural system of that people who speak the language. Dialogues and drills form the basis of Audio-lingual classroom practices. The use of drills and pattern practice is a distinctive feature of the Audio-lingual method. Various kinds of drills are used. Types of Oral Drills Repetition: where the student repeats an utterance as soon as he hears it Teacher: This is the seventh month. Student: This is the seventh month Inflection: Where one word in a sentence appears in another form when repeated Teacher: I ate the sandwich. Student: I ate the sandwiches. Replacement: Where one word is replaced by another Teacher: He bought the car for half-price. Student: He bought it for half-price. Restatement: The student re-phrases an utterance Teacher: Tell me not to smoke so often. Student: Don’t smoke so often! Completion: where the student repeats the utterance in completed form. Techer: I’ll go my way and you go. Student: I’ll go my way and you go yours. Instruction materials in the Audio-lingual method assist the teacher to develop language mastery in the learner. †¢Tape recorders †¢Audiovisual equipments †¢Language laboratory In the late 1950s, the theoretical underpinnings of the method were questioned by linguists such as Noam Chomsky, who pointed out the limitations of structural linguistics. Despite being discredited as an effective teaching methodology in 1970, audio-lingualism continues to be used today. REFERENCES ?Richard. C. Jack and Rodgers. S. Theodore. 2003. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching . The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. ?Rao Venugopal, K. 2002. Methods of Teaching English. Neelkamal Publications. pvt. ltd ? Allen, B. Teaching English as a Second Language. 1965. ?http//www. mindmeister. com ?http://en. Wikipedia. Org/wiki/audio-lingual-method How to cite Emergence of Communicative Language Teaching, Essay examples

Business Activities to Achieve Result

Question: Describe about the Managing Business Activities to Achieve Result. Answer: Introduction: Zurich insurance group deals with the providence of insurance and other financial services to different individuals and business. Zurich group developing themselves with 130 years of experience in their background, which made them one of the biggest insurance providing group in the world. Their business is expanded among 170 countries all over the world with 60,000 employees. The transaction is done between the 300,000 clients all over the world through the telephone and other online activities. The providence of policies are limited to the properties, cars, accident and life. The potential factor behind their aim is that, they provide financial support to the person or business when these are facing some circumstances. In case of the life and health insurances, people get assurance about the financial support if there is any accidental case or they are not in proper state to do work. Interrelationship between the process and functions of Zurich Insurance Group: Missions and Aims: According to the context of the report, the aim of the Zurich is to maintain the quality of their services. Their service generally includes policies and financial support to the business or to the individual at their circumstantial situation. The Zurich is focusing only into the quality they are offering to their customers for making their organization differentiated from other competitive service providing companies. Mission focuses on the core building block of any organization, here this is clarified by the organization that they are totally dedicated to bring themselves to the position, where they are considered as the best global insurer according to the measurement of their clients (shareholders, employees and customers). There are five major elements, which are the considered as the code of conduct of Zurich: Centricity of the customer, honesty, superiority, creation of values in a sustainable manner, group work (Kirkbesoglu et al.2015) Objectives and culture: The main objective of Zurich is to take care of the risk factors of their clients i.e. their shareholder, individual insurance holders. The organization continuously scans the risk scenery for the identification of the risk elements emerging from different issues. There are specialized expertises to help the clients with their issues related to risks. In case of the service industries, cultural impact is very crucial for them to be involved into their objectives and goals. Nothing is different in case of Zurich also. The organization supports the arts and culture with the excellent audiences. The concept of Zurich from the cultural perspective is that, they supports cultural and artistic atmosphere, as they belief that it is quite mandatory for the working environment. According to the business point of view, clients get more attracted by the cultural perception of the company. Justification of processes to cope up with the objectives: There must be some sort of implementation of ideas to maintain the position in the competitive market. The following can easily explain the methodologies involved into the fulfilling goal: Expectation of the customers: The expectations of the customers in case of Zurich easily meet as Zurich always focus on: 1. The clear identification of the customer needs, 2. Effective procedure and planning, 3. Collection of the right resources for the particular job, 4. Providence of the employee training to make the employee customer focused., 5. Appropriate target setting, 6. Measure of the progress The main target of Zurich is to maintain their quality of the product. This quality delivered to their customer is known as the iQUALITY. This aspect defines what is known as the quality in Zurich. The employees are always reminded that quality is the key part of the interaction they are doing with their customers. The rule followed by the employees of the Zurich is that, the trends going in the market have to be examined by the employees to consider the developmental aspect of the organization. The customer expectation can be easily meet by finding the beneficial rights and elements, analyze the demands of the customer while considering their competitive alternatives (Henschke et al. 2013) Control of Quality: The process maintaining quality also involves the control of the quality. Zurich not only introduces the different aspect for inventing quality among their services but also they invest their time in different aspects of controlling it. This can be done by collecting the feedback response of the customers. Zurich check their providing if they becoming sub-standard to their customer or not, as this will harm their image in the market (Neto et al. 2012) Evaluation of the processes: The above mentioned processes are implemented by the Zurich Insurance group to attract their customers and improvise their business goals in the competitive market. They are mainly focusing in the sector of the controlling the quality of services and meeting the expectation of their customers. This company is based on the providence of insurances to the individual and business holders in their circumstantial situations. They follow iQUALITY control which is totally invented by their employees for maintaining their customer demands in various situations. This approach is much improvised in terms of competitiveness of the marketing. Maintaining the quality of services are very crucial for the getting the attracted towards the customers. Zurich understands their customers by analysing various situations of circumstances. Another additional approach, which is followed by the Zurich, is the TQM. This is the base on the any quality management process. Which guide the organization from diff erent perspective of problematic situation? This aspect is the strong point of Zurich. According to the research findings, it is totally not possible to remove the errors from a business process. At this state of situation one organization should have to check the errors first and then have to recognize the factors those can be improvised and changed for the betterment of the process. According to the judgment of the outputs of Zurich insurance group, their effective measure is the five WHY approaches used to eliminate the errors from the strategic business process. According the above mentioned process involved into the improvement of the developmental aspect of Zurich, it is clear that, all the policies well designed considering the customer demands, which make them appropriate in competitive market (Yakob et al. 2014) Designing of plans by production manager Planning is an activity that is managed by the production manager. Managing production includes determination of schedule of production, sequence of production etc. There are many goals and objectives that are implemented by the production manager in order to produce goods that are good in quality and quantity services. The main objectives of production manager are: To produce right quality: the quality of product that is produced depends on the demand and needs of the customer. The engineering department or the product design specification helps in transforming the needs of the customer. The cost superiority trade off helps in determining the quality of the product. The quality of the product must be within pre-establishment cost (O'Sullivan et al. 2013) To produce right quantity: the number of products that are produced by the organisation should be in right number. If the number of product produced is less in number as compared to the demand, then there will be shortage of products. To determine production schedule: time is one of the most important factors that helps in determining the effectiveness of production manager. There are many factors that determine the appropriate completion of production on time. For achieving the objective, the production manager must implement rules for optimum utilization of inputs. manufacturing To determine manufacturing cost: the cost of the product is established before its manufacturing. At the pre-established cost, it is the task of the production department to produce or manufacture products. Objectives In order to meet the demands and expectation of the customers and to ensure the fact that the customers of Zurich brand have positive experience, it focuses on Identifying the needs of the customer: it is one of the most important tasks before the production manager. The needs of the customer should be identified in order to fulfil them. The quality and quantity of product that is produced depends o the needs of the customer. Therefore it is one of the prior tasks of the production manager to know the requirements of the product. Planning and process that must be effective: the production manager mush involve in planning and implementation of policies that are necessary for proper production of products. Right resource or the job should be kept in right place: the use of resources should be done by the production manager. For achieving the objective, the production manager must implement rules for optimum utilization of inputs. Setting up targets that must be appropriate: the target of the Zurich brand must be kept in mind before implementing polices and rules. The setting of proper targets helps in proper production. As production depends on the target ordered by the customers. : The number of products that are produced by the organisation should be in right number. If the number of product produced is less in number as compared to the demand, then there will be shortage of products. Implementation of strategy Many different types of forms are accepted by the organizational system. For example, an organization like Google can use simple post it reminder or a form of routine or schedule that is assumed by the company. It is very much important to have challenging goals and objectives that can be acknowledged. It is not always good for an organization to set goal and objectives that are unachievable because that can discourage an employee. The earlier set objectives of the company act as a guiding factor. In this type of organization, emphasis is firstly offered on the setting of the objectives (Slack 2015) In order to make the system effective, it is the task of the leaders and employees to comprehend the objectives of their task. The manager of the Google Company does not have always gasped of objectives on which they work. Sometimes they have to work for implementing or setting objectives. The corporate leaders of the company participate in financial marketing, human resources, innovation etc. There must be a good relation between the employees of the organization. For having good relation many strategies are followed by Google. The strategies include: Proper communication Know about the customers Live for the complaints of the customer Building trust among the customers Improvement of customer service Practise of inbound marketing The policies or the rules that are implemented should be done inherently in order to avoid duplication and it is very much essential to have an operational manager.Operational plan through effective planning The production manager took the responsibilities of operational plan. For example, Google has appointed a production manager. It is the task of the production manager to inform the employees of the company about strategic plan. This is helpful for Google as the plan helps in increasing the return to shareholders. The first step that is taken by the production manager is to cut cost. Layoffs are avoided in the next step and it is the task of the production manager to increase the cost by three per cent. It was asked by the manager to help him in planning an operational plan for achieving the goals and objectives of the company. The operational plan that is made by the production manager is very much helpful for Google. The operational plan that is implemented, have detailed information about the operations of the employees. The operational plan includes the daily tasks that are completed by the organization and its staff. The operational plan that is implemented by the production manager of Google includes: To know the strategies and task that have been undertaken To know the persons who have undertaken those tasks To know how much time is needed in the completion of a single task To know how much resources are required in order to complete each strategy. Therefore, it is very much needed to implement the operational planning properly. This is because it helps in increasing the production of the company which will in return help in achieving the objectives of the concerned company (Manzini and Accorsi 2013) Quality Standards for Zurich Insurance group There are several ways to manage the quality. The quality s measured at the end of process to make sure that no sub processes reach to the customers. This process is known as quality control. The method is mostly used in production manufacturing. The process includes testing a sample of the product. Putting things at the right place will be costly. It must be ensured that there must be extra product in order to replace the faulty ones. Cost is also associated in terms of managing and putting the products at the right place (Bagnis et al.2014) iQuality standards are not enough to maintain the quality control approach, in a service industry. This is due to the reason as many services are only realised, as they are delivered to the customers. For example, Zurich can only deal with a claim policy when the customers of thee company claims. Due to the reason, business uses other ways for managing the quality. The quality standards for Zurich insurance group are: Assurance: one of the main approaches is providing quality standards. Quality is not considered as the last processes but it is very much important for Zurich insurance group. This is for meeting the demands and expectations of the customers. TQM: total quality management is necessary for Zurich insurance group. The aim of the insurance company to have Zero defects in their overall process. TQM helps Zurich insurance group in improving both the customers and processes in the business. Quality: Zurich insurance group have an approach to use all the above methods. Firstly the insurance group uses IQUALITY to embody with TQM in order to bring life n the minds of the customers. The second step taken by Zurich is to manage the sampling of customer care such as benefit statement provided by the customers. The experience of the employees will be helpful in measuring the standard quality. Demonstration of quality culture In order to maintain the quality of the processes, a business needs some key measures that will be helpful for them in meeting the standards.. for example, it depends on the measurement that how a company respond to the queries of the customers. Zurichs UK life deals with million calls, emails and letter in a month. This is done in order to answer the queries of the customers. It is very much important of a business to capture regularly the products in order to review the results of the quality. review of the product helps in identifying the problems and the preventive measures that will be helpful in preventing the problem. Identified problems may can arise many problems. Quality framework is used by the Zurich in order to review the results regularly. The insurance company uses many measures that will be helpful and some of its measures are set by the outside bodies such as BSI. UK Zurich is regulated with the help of the Financial Services Authority. This set some rules and regula tion in order to cover all the aspects of insurance business (Thornton et al. 2016) Zurich measures The measures that are taken by the insurance company go beyond the requirements and standards of FSI. The company aims to became the best insurer, which is measured by all the stakeholders if the company. One of the most important aspects of customer focussed business is to know the levels of customer satisfaction. Large customer satisfaction is reflected through repeated business. The company involves in market research with large number of customers. The employee of the company who undergoes market research explains the manager about the different facts. They explain how the company is meeting the demands of its customers. Zurich uses some independent measures for meeting the expectations and demand of the customers. Customers are asked to rate the performance of the company as Zurich has a customer impact scheme. The ratings of the customers are positive, and they show that Zurich has aligned to the objectives of the business. Another measure take by the company is known as inward awards. The measure helps in measuring how well the business of Zurich is delivering. Recent Zurich got a number of awards that clarifies the quality of processes it provides to its customers (Maercker et al. 2013) Report to the manager It is a report written to the customer care of Zurich insurance group foe wider implication of proposed changes. Zurich insurance group deals with the providence of insurance and other financial services to different individuals and business There are wide implications of the strategies that are discussed. The implication helps in managing the quality of the processes. It requires huge investment in the field of management system. The costs that are required for running the large scale customer service are very much significant both in time and money. The future business must be made more quality conscious. As it helps in business recognizing the investment of the customers properly and benefit them by outweighing the amount of cost they have invested. Quality of the product also provides benefits to the business. The Zurich insurance company gain efficient processes. Some benefits cannot be measured but they are important for adding values within the business. In the financial market, product and services are very much similar to customers. It is necessary to produce positive experience among the customers. This will be helpful in renewing the policies and services. New policies will be helpful in changing or renewing old policies. Managing quality should not disappoint customers. It is concluded that a quality of a product does thing what it supposed to do. the main task of the product is to meet the needs and requirements of the target market. There quality of a product depends on the expectation of customers and here few new policies are recommended for future use. Risk assessment Proper analysis and evaluation will be carried out on the requirements of Mr. Audesi, who wants to open a restaurant in the heart of London. Risks are an unavoidable part of any business. Risks are divided into two categories that are controllable and uncontrollable risks. A business plan is analyzed to discuss and evaluate the risk assessment factors. The evaluation and discussion of those risk assessment factors will be helpful for Mr. Audesi. The various risk and challenges are: Market risk: it is a usual factor that market may not grow as expected for a start up business. Therefore, it may cause cash crisis. The entrepreneur may be helping in supplying the product and services to a single consumer and the business of their customers is subject to economic environment. As a result, hostile environment will slow down affecting the business (Pichler et al.2014) Competition risks: in a growing market, low entry barriers attract customers. It is the task of the existing players to retain customers. They do it by superior service or by program related with the loyalty of the customers. Risk related with technology: entire business of this era is revolutionized by the internet. with the help of the internet a customer can measure prices or compare services that are related with quality service etc. manufacturing paradigm is already changing with the help of the 3D printing. As a result, cost will be lower even if a single piece is manufactured. Risk related with finance: cost of finance go high or low according to the supply rate. Management related risk: the serious threat to management is caused by the mal-practices, theft and non-compliance of statutory requirements. Regulatory risk: The laws that are made by the government affect financial viability of the business. Safety and healthy regulation The risk assessment shows the kind of approach that is selected by the business. Risk assessment act as a guide in order to think some of the hazards related with the restaurant business. The risk assessment policy is applied in food preparation and food service areas of the restaurants. Taking an example, of a restaurant, health and safety regulations are applied. Noma is a renowned restaurant of Denmark. The restaurant has well known policies that help in spreading safety and healthy environment (Stier 2013) To identify the hazards in the restaurant Noma, it is the task of the manager to do the following things: Provides maintenance in catering and hospitality Monitoring kitchen, stockroom etc Communicate with the staff of the restaurant Analyses the accident book, in order to know and understand the different types of risk that can occur. This is helpful in spreading safety and healthy regulation throughout the restaurant. Health and safety policies: Health and safety policies are very crucial for starting a restaurant. Health and safety program is defined as the process of considering the safety and health measure of their customers. Here the concerned organization is Noma from Denmark. They mainly follows seven step measures for maintain their safety and health measures. These are discussed as follows: Developing a safety plan while considering the controlling of hazardous condition: As the organization is concerned about their customer demands and other activities for maintaining a restaurant in well designed manner. Inspection of the Workplace: The hygiene can be maintained by monitoring the equipments used in the restaurant. Providence of training to the worker: The business of restaurant requires well trained employees to entertain their customer according to their demands. In this matter Noma is at its best. Interaction between the worker and higher authority: This aspect is very important to maintain the co-ordination between the employees of Noma and they follow it regularly, which make them perfect among all their competitors. Investigation of the incidents: Noma always keep check on the events happening in the organization for correcting the errors and adding up the innovative ideas. Maintenance of records: The record is also very crucial for maintaining the health and safety measures of the organization. The different kind of erroneous issues regarding safety and health measure involve the customers. They can blame the restaurant for providing bad service to them. Safety measures: Safety should the first consideration of any restaurant owner for their consumers. Commitment to the safety measures is mandatory to the business of the restaurant. The customers mostly get attracted to the safety and health measures of the restaurants (Siqueiraet al.2014) Training guidance for the employees: Training is very essential for setting up a restaurant. Proper training to the employees makes the image of the restaurant good in front of the customers. Well-behaved employees with particular sense of approaching the customer make them perfect in their business. The basic concepts of behind the guidelines for the employees of a restaurant are: proper handling of food, well behaved attitude towards the customer, quality of the food, atmosphere of the restaurant, decoration of the place, and at last the location of the restaurant. These above mentioned factors should be maintained to achieve success in the competitive market. the most important aspect among these all are the quality of food and the location of the restaurant. The food served to the customers should be in good quality; decoration of the food sometimes attracts the customers, so it is necessary to decorate the food properly. Alcohol plays an significant role in the liability of the restaurant. Therefore, it is necessar y for the employees of the restaurant to know the age limit of the customer before serving alcohol. Behaviour of the employees must be decent and disciplined as according to the rules and regulations of the restaurant (Schermel et al.2013) Conclusion It is concluded that a quality of a product does thing what it supposed to do. the main task of the product is to meet the needs and requirements of the target market. There quality of a product depends on the expectation of customers and here few new policies are recommended for future use. Reference list agnis, C.I., Crepaldi, C., Dean, J., Goovaerts, T., Melander, S., Nilsson, E.L., Prieto-Velasco, M., Trujillo, C., Zambon, R. and Mooney, A., 2014. Quality standards for predialysis education: results from a consensus conference.Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, p.gfu225. Henschke, C., Bumler, M., Weid, S., Gaskins, M. and Busse, R., 2013. Extrabudgetary ('NUB') payments: A gateway for introducing new medical devices into the German inpatient reimbursement system?.Journal of Management Marketing in Healthcare. Kirkbesoglu, E., McNeill, J. and Ozder, E.H., 2015. An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Insurance Organizations at Providing Information to Policyholders: A Cross-Cultural Comparison between United Kingdom Turkey.International Business Research,8(9), p.35. Maercker, A., Brewin, C.R., Bryant, R.A., Cloitre, M., Ommeren, M., Jones, L.M., Humayan, A., Kagee, A., Llosa, A.E., Rousseau, C. and Somasundaram, D.J., 2013. Diagnosis and classification of disorders specifically associated with stress: proposals for ICDà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 11.World Psychiatry,12(3), pp.198-206. Manzini, R. and Accorsi, R., 2013. The new conceptual framework for food supply chain assessment.Journal of Food Engineering,115(2), pp.251-263. Neto, A.G., Marujo, L.G., Cosenza, C.A.N., Dria, F.A.M. and Lima, J.M., 2012. Using fuzzy NPV evaluation to justify the acquisition of business interruption insurance.Expert Systems with Applications,39(12), pp.10821-10831. O'Sullivan, S.B., Schmitz, T.J. and Fulk, G., 2013.Physical rehabilitation. FA Davis. Pichler, J., Ziegler, J., Aldrian, U. and Allerberger, F., 2014. Evaluating levels of knowledge on food safety among food handlers from restaurants and various catering businesses in Vienna, Austria 2011/2012.Food Control,35(1), pp.33-40. Schermel, A., Emrich, T.E., Arcand, J., Wong, C.L. and L'abb, M.R., 2013. Nutrition marketing on processed food packages in Canada: 2010 Food Label Information Program.Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism,38(6), pp.666-672. Siqueira, C.E., Gaydos, M., Monforton, C., Slatin, C., Borkowski, L., Dooley, P., Liebman, A., Rosenberg, E., Shor, G. and Keifer, M., 2014. Effects of social, economic, and labor policies on occupational health disparities.American journal of industrial medicine,57(5), pp.557-572. Slack, N., 2015.Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Stier, R.F., 2013. Ensuring the health and safety of fried foods.European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology,115(8), pp.956-964. Thornton, A., Licari, M., Reid, S., Armstrong, J., Fallows, R. and Elliott, C., 2016. Cognitive orientation to (daily) occupational performance intervention leads to improvements in impairments, activity and participation in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder.Disability and rehabilitation,38(10), pp.979-986. World Health Organization. Violence, Injury Prevention and World Health Organization, 2013.Global status report on road safety 2013: supporting a decade of action. World Health Organization. Yakob, R., Yusop, Z., Radam, A. and Ismail, N., 2014. Two-stage DEA method in identifying the exogenous factors of insurers risk and investment management efficiency.Journal of Sains Malaysian,43(9), pp.1439-1450.

Post Colonial Literature

Free Essays on Masque Of The Red Death

In the "Masque of the Red Death", Poe uses his imagination throughout the story (Rogers 43). A plague has devastated the entire country. It takes only half an hour tofor the course of the disease to run. At first one feels sharp pains and dizziness. Then one starts bleeding at the pores. The disease results in death. Prince Prospero has ordered one thousand lords and ladies to the deep seclusion of one of his abbeys. The building was built by the Prince and is filled with his exotic ornaments. It is sealed from the outside world by a huge wall with iron gates. Inside the building are dancers, musicians, and everything they need in order to stay secluded until the plague runs its course. After six months of seclusion, the Prince decides to hold a masked ball. The ball is held in a suite with seven rooms. Each room is decorated in a single color. The last room is decorated in red. Within this room stands a huge clock that strikes the hour with a heavy clang. The rooms are very crowded for the ball. At the stroke of midnight, a guest is seen in a costume of the red death itself and This frightens the other guests. The Prince is angered at what he believes to be a practical joke. He orders the stranger seized and hanged from the battlements. Prince Prospero follows the stranger into the red chamber. It is there that Prince Prospero falls dead at the feet of the stranger. The others capture the unknown person in the costume. To their horror they find there is no living form in the costume. One by one they die until no one else remains. Death is king of all (Rogers 41). "The horror abysmal darkness, and absolute helplessness befalling the victims are described with vivid accuracy in tales such as 'The Fall of the House of Usher,' 'The Cask of Amontillado,' and 'The Premature Burial' (Perry XI-XII)." In "The Fall of the House of Usher," the narrator visits his ... Free Essays on Masque Of The Red Death Free Essays on Masque Of The Red Death Honestly, fiction stories are not my favorite type of genre. I would much rather read a biography on one of my favorite athletes or a novel based on a true story. However, Edgar Allen Poe’s use of setting made â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† a very enjoyable story for me. I really feel the story come alive as I read it. The enormous amount of detail that Poe uses, truly demonstrates his descriptive abilities. The details make the story believable, add irony, and create an atmosphere appropriate for the â€Å"Red Death.† Even though â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† is a fictional story, Poe makes it seem very realistic. His description of the setting paints such a clear image of the scene that one cannot help but to believe it is true. This manipulation is due to the great detail the writer focuses on throughout the story. Seemingly, more of the story is setting, rather than actual action. With descriptions of things such as the Red Death and the imperial suite, the author creates a believable image in the mind of the reader. This creation of images is very important to the story. Without these images, things such as the arrival of the Red Death would not be credible. Poe also creates irony throughout the story. His description of the castle states that â€Å"a strong and lofty wall girdled it,† and that the gates were welded shut (327). This causes the reader to believe that nothing can happen to the prince and his people as long as they are inside. Ironically, the wall and gate which were intended to keep the Red Death outside of the castle, actually trap it inside. Poe leaves clues that suggest that this may occur. He mentions that the welded gates prevented egress as well as ingress. This means that if something has already entered, there is no way for it to get out. In this way, Poe uses his setting to create irony in his story. Poe also does a great job of creating an appropriate atmosphere for the Red D... Free Essays on Masque of the Red Death In the "Masque of the Red Death", Poe uses his imagination throughout the story (Rogers 43). A plague has devastated the entire country. It takes only half an hour tofor the course of the disease to run. At first one feels sharp pains and dizziness. Then one starts bleeding at the pores. The disease results in death. Prince Prospero has ordered one thousand lords and ladies to the deep seclusion of one of his abbeys. The building was built by the Prince and is filled with his exotic ornaments. It is sealed from the outside world by a huge wall with iron gates. Inside the building are dancers, musicians, and everything they need in order to stay secluded until the plague runs its course. After six months of seclusion, the Prince decides to hold a masked ball. The ball is held in a suite with seven rooms. Each room is decorated in a single color. The last room is decorated in red. Within this room stands a huge clock that strikes the hour with a heavy clang. The rooms are very crowded for the ball. At the stroke of midnight, a guest is seen in a costume of the red death itself and This frightens the other guests. The Prince is angered at what he believes to be a practical joke. He orders the stranger seized and hanged from the battlements. Prince Prospero follows the stranger into the red chamber. It is there that Prince Prospero falls dead at the feet of the stranger. The others capture the unknown person in the costume. To their horror they find there is no living form in the costume. One by one they die until no one else remains. Death is king of all (Rogers 41). "The horror abysmal darkness, and absolute helplessness befalling the victims are described with vivid accuracy in tales such as 'The Fall of the House of Usher,' 'The Cask of Amontillado,' and 'The Premature Burial' (Perry XI-XII)." In "The Fall of the House of Usher," the narrator visits his ...

Tourism marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tourism marketing plan - Essay Example There are some extremely essential services marketing strategy that Adventure out Australia can utilize to maximize its income in its business. The essay below provides several service marketing mix strategies that the company can employ to maximize its profit (Adventure out Australia website). Products For a company to be successful in a competitive market, it ought to have competition advantages over its competitors. Their products should be of high quality and attractive to potential customers. It must also provide variety of quality products to its customers (Borden 2005). Adventure outside Australia has created a variety of quality products. Some of the main service products the tourist company offers to their customers include; rock climbing, abseiling, outdoor and education adventures group games, and trekking. The Adventure outside Australia Company has a good reputation for producing quality services to their customers. Its supremacy in the tourist sector in Australia in 199 0s was due to its quality service products. To be in a position to compete in the dynamic market, Adventure outside Australia Company should undertake frequent market survey to identify the customers’ needs. The company survey should focus on local and international markets. The company should also utilize good relationship between the local owners and the company to comprehend the requirements of the customers. On the other hand, due to the emergence of many companies which have copied their products, the company has to advance the quality of their products. The company should also consider opening new market in new geographical areas. To have the competition advantages in the market, Adventure out Australia need to come up and introduce new quality products in the market. It also needs to focus on the performance of their products and how best to improve the quality of its services. People The use of appropriate staffing is exceptionally indispensable ingredients in service delivery. The services offered by the company depend on the company employees. As a result of this, employees in a company have the ability to either make or break a company. For a company to have competition advantage in the market, it must demonstrate that its staffs are better than other competitors staffs (Kotler, 2000). Over the years, Adventure out Australia Company has emerged victorious in offering quality training to its employees. They have quality facilitators and staffs who offer quality services to customers. Adventure out Australia should therefore work toward improving the quality of their employees to meet the modern international market demands. Frequent seminars and training programs is extremely relevant in ensuring employees advancements in their services delivery to customers. To have advantages in the market, the company has the responsibility of maintaining the quality of their employees by mentoring and motivating them. Outstanding performers need to be reco gnized and rewarded. This initiative will motivate employees toward improving their service delivery. On the other hand, promotion, remuneration, and recruitment should be on merit bases. Adequate staffing is also relevant in improving the quality of the services offered by the company employees to the company customers. Having quality people in the company will in this case place the adventure out Australia at a better position in the market competition. Physical Evidence

Heart of Darkness Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Heart of Darkness - Research Paper Example As Marlo and his men continue to travel into the core of Africa they discover that Mr. Kurtz is not the man they expected. Mr. Kurtz is a cruel tyrant who presents himself as a god who is worshiped by the local tribes. Heart of Darkness is about the human condition, it describes how humans can change their values over time and over the environment. It is about human corruption and how the pursuit of wealth and power poisons human values (Conrad, 13). In The Heart of Darkness the black people are hardly people, they are like metaphors for savage primitive man. The European brutalizes and enslaves the Africans. This cruelty is manifested in the novel Heart of Darkness through the Mr. Kurtz. Mr. Kurtz is seen to brutalize, humiliate and enslave the Africans. The Africans worshiped Kurtz as their god; this was brought about by fear. The Africans were mistreated by being forced into hard labor and forced labor. They were enslaved, beaten and even butchered. Mr. Kurtz hanged the heads of the butchered blacks around his homestead. This portrays the high level of imperialism as the activities of the colonialists â€Å"Mr. Kurtz† are inhumane and demoralizing (Youngbirg, 15). In the Heart of Darkness the black people are looked down upon, they are hardly people; they are like metaphors for savage primitive man. The Europeans brutalize and enslaves them regardless of their age, gender and culture. The European imperialism is deceitful as the Africans are lured into forced labor and slavery. All this is done to the benefit of the European people. The Africans suffer in the hands of the colonialists both physically and mentally, some of them are even butchered and their heads are hung in the imperialists’ compound as a sign of showing them how petty and useless they are to be treated like animals. The Europeans in the Heart of Darkness are seen as civilized and informed people. The civilization in the heart

Virgin Group Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Virgin Group Company - Essay Example The Virgin Group is considered to be one of the world’s Superbrands, receiving regular industry-generated rewards and accolades for establishment of a successful business model built on effective marketing promotion. Maintaining presence in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia, this multi-national organization maintains significant brand recall and recognition worldwide that gives it many new market entry advantages for foreign direct investment. A Virgin Group Company, Virgin Galactic, was founded in 2004 under the premise of providing space tourism to consumers whilst also advancing aerospace knowledge through a business model that supports space-based research. Virgin Galactic is currently working under a multitude of partnerships with reputable agencies such as NASA to develop space-faring tourism vehicles slotted for launch in 2013. The company’s founder, Sir Richard Branson, is currently doling out millions of Pounds to license Virgin Galactic produ cts and services, attempting market entry in the United States for this revolutionary and innovative brand supported by Virgin Group superbrand status. This report highlights the impact of globalisation in this new market, the competitive advantages gained through this new business model, and provides a critical evaluation of market entry strategy developed by Virgin Group and Richard Branson. 2. The dynamics of Virgin Galactic Virgin Galactic is still in the development and construction phases in the space tourism industry. In 2009, Virgin Group contracted with Aabar Investments PJSC in the United Arab Emirates in which the company agreed to invest $280 million USD to assist in developing the space tourism industry (Space News 2009). Aabar Investments took a 32 percent ownership in Virgin Galactic, making them one of the largest venture capitalists supporting the Virgin brand. NASA, an American space organisation, also invested over 1.5 billion dollars to rent lab space in suborbit al vessels and for contract to resupply the International Space Station upon launch of Virgin Galactic’s service (Del Castillo 2012). The space tourism industry is an untapped market, an innovation from conception to actual impending launch. To facilitate all of the operational components necessary to achieve a viable space tourism business model, Virgin Galactic must invest considerable capital resources. This involves establishing a cost effective and efficient supply chain consisting of multiple vendors in multiple industries (e.g. technology, metallurgy, software support systems, etc.). Virgin Galactic is currently developing an entire fleet of space tourism vehicles, each vessel maintaining its own focus for research and development as well as consumer-centric tourism services. The United States represented the most viable market for entry due to the ease of distribution supported by a vast and well-developed distribution infrastructure in the country and the consumer in terest in space tourism as a potential lifestyle enhancement. To achieve the return on investment required on preliminary capital expenditures in the billions of dollars, Virgin Galactic had to identify a target market that would provide the best opportunity for revenue production upon launch of the tourism model. Figure 1: Ghemawat + AAA strategic framework applicable to Virgin Galactic Source: Ning, L. (2012). The most important

A Hostel Management System

A Hostel Management System Introduction INTI International University (IIU) is a private university located in Putra Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. It was previously known as INTI University College. INTI has grown monumentally over the years until 31 May 2010 when the Higher Education Ministry announced it has became the university status. (Wikipedia, 2010) In 1986, INTI opened its first college at Bangunan Sim Lim brickfields, Kuala Lumpur. It starts with only 37 students on it first enrollment. In 1989 the College was re-located to Jalan Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur. As the number of students continued rising, the INTI established a permanent campus in Subang jaya (INTI College Subang Jaya) and more campuses began built in Kuching, Sarawak, Kota Kinabalu and then Sabah. The main campus (INTI UNIVESITY COLLEGE) was completed 1998 in Putra Nilai. INTI has a total 9 campuses in Malaysia. INTI became part of Laureate International Universities (LIU) network in 2008 becoming the first Malaysian University to be chosen by the Laureate International Education Group. (New INTI, 2009) Nowadays, with the emergence of global economy and transformation of industrial economies, the information system and information technology become important within the business sector as the world keep changing with fast developed technology. Information technology and internet-based information systems are playing vital and expanding roles in business. IS can help all kinds of businesses improve the efficiency and effectively of their daily work and workplace collaboration. Information system and information technology are quite a necessary ingredient for business success in todays dynamic global environment. Besides, information system and information technology also applied by the education industry to conduct more of their work electronically. There is a need for the education institutions to apply the information system and information technology in their daily work to improve the workflows and reduce workloads. So, we would like to conduct a research of INTI International University Literature Review Hostel Management System As the topic mentions above Hostel Management System is software that is developed to help in managing various activities in the hostel. As is well-known, the education institutions are rapidly increasing for the past few years. Therefore, it leads to mushrooming of hostels for the accommodation of the students study in these institutions. And hence there is the appearance of Hostel Management System which helps with dealing the problem of managing hostel and avoid the problem when do it manually. (Muhammed Shaheer .K.A, Muhammed Shiras.A, Vinod Raj. R, Prasobh.G.V, April, 2009) Hostel management by manual way is tedious process, since it involves work load and time consumption. In this system, we can easily manage the hostel details, room details, student records, mess expenditure, mess bill calculation, easy way of room allocation and hostel attendance. Thus, there are a lot of repetition can be easily evaded which has reduced the data redundancy. (M. Deepika, A. Chitra, 2010) Reports in regard to the Room Availability, Room Allocation, Student Transfer and Evacuation are provided too. Functional Feature: Creation of Building and Block information. Provision of various room types (Single / Twin/Single with Air-con Room/Twin with Air-con Room). Room allotment to the student. Student checks in and check out. Monitoring Visitors and Guest register. Transfer of rooms. Room evacuation. (Hostel Management System, 2006) The Administrator can: 1. Allot different students to the different hostels. 2. Vacate the students for the hostels. 3. Control the status of the fee payment. 4. Edit the details of the students modify the student records. 1) Allotment of the hostels The officer must checks the certified application forms of the students obtained and verify it with the student database. If the students are found eligible then they are allotted to the hostel. 2) Vacating the room As the students course is over they will vacate their rooms. So it is required for the administrator to remove their records from the database tables. This part includes the option for the room vacation and the deletion of the particular record from the database. 3) Control status of fee payment As the students every semester need to make rent payment. So, the officer needs to process it and print out the invoice for students to pay rental in finance office. 4) Edit the details of students and modify the student records As the new student moves into hostel, the officer need edit the details of students and modifies the student records to make sure the data is updated. (Muhammed Shaheer .K.A, Muhammed Shiras.A, Vinod Raj. R, Prasobh.G.V, April, 2009) We can improve the efficiency of the system, thus overcome the drawbacks of Less human error Strength and strain of manual labor can be reduced Reduce data redundancy High security Data consistency Easy to handle Easy data updating Easy record keeping Backup data can be easily generated Figure 1: General functions of the Hostel Management System (HMS) (Hostel Management System, 2009) Library Management System Library Management System is an enterprise resource planning system for a library, used to track items owned, orders made, bills paid, and patrons who have borrowed. A library Management System has a relational database, software to support the database, and two graphical user interfaces. The system separate software functions into discrete programs which call modules. Example like: Acquisitions ordering, receiving, and invoicing material Cataloging classifying and indexing material Circulation lending materials to patrons and receiving them back Serials tracking magazine and newspaper holding OPAC public interface for users (Wikipedia,2010) Library Management System is small footprint software suitable for personal or individual libraries. It provides many functions to the users the control the flow of the library. Such as : Control the movement of books and other material and avoid loosing the same. Search if you have a specific book in your collection based on the title, author etc. Print the spine labels for the book. Find what a specific person has borrowed from you (Azhar Hussain, 2009) By development of the Library Management System help the librarians to manage the library well. It record clearly the transactions of the books daily of the library. These make the insurance of the book become higher. It is not easier to happen lost of books in the library anymore. E-library is also a part of the Library Management System. E-library system is a type of service which allows the users without stepping into the library, to read the books and conduct research at home, in the office, or at school, using the Internet. Service which enables users to effectively employ electronic data by using an in-library network .This is a new library service that applies rapidly advancing data processing technology and networking technology, and it is expected to become a highly convenient, epoch-making mode of service. (National Diet Library, 2010) E-library performs well. It features such as: Member features Search system which allows the users to search the book by typing the key words or author of the book. Book features Category management which allows librarians to add, modify, and remove categories form library resources database. Book borrow Return Check in features Booking management which allows the users to reserve library resources item. Report features Book borrow / return Analysis Report which view information about the real time analysis report. Miscellaneous Site Information which provide a simple site map and let people easy to access. (E-library system,2008) By the development of the E-library system, it provides both convenience between users and librarians. Users can check the book online by not stepping into the library. Users can also booking the book online. These save the time for the users. For librarians, it is easy to manage the category of the book and control the movement of the books. It brings the librarians an easy work. Figures 2 General function of the Library Management System (Library Management System, 2009) Analysis of the Company INTI International University Accommodation Office System: Hostel Management System (HMS) University background, history nature of business INTI International University (IIU) is an education institution that has been rapidly improving for the past few years. As the fast increasing student numbers, therefore, to accommodate part of the students studying in the institution, the INTI International University has had to build up more hostels in the campus. INTI International University, Nilai campus got 16 Halls of Residence named after great men who have contributed to the well-being of mankind. All these hostels at present are manage by the accommodation office. Internet connection, Wi-Fi, Resident Fellow, security, facilities and convenient stores are some of the facilities provided for the convenient of the students. Coin-operated washing machines and dryers are also available is every hall of residents. The INTI hostels have provided many kinds of room such as Single, Twin-sharing, Single with air-con and Twin with air-con. (New INTI, 2009) As is well known, the education institutions are rapidly increasing for the past few years. Therefore, it leads to mushrooming of hostels for the residence of the students who study in these institutions. As the world keep changing with the fast developed information system and information technology, there is a need for the education institutions to apply the information system and information technology in their daily work to improve the workflows and reduce workloads. Hence, there is system appears in managing hostels to avoid the problem when do it manually. System Development The Accommodation Office currently uses the system which is called Hostel Management System (HMS). This system is software that is being developed to help officers who work in accommodation office in managing various kinds of activities in the hostels. Hostel Management System (HMS) is one of the modules of the Total Campus Management System (TCMS). Unlike the Integrated Library Management Utility (ILMU), HMS is only a module. ILMU is a unique system that management the whole library which is same as the TCMS. TCMS is comprehensive workflow management systems that integrate and manage all key function of work progress. It increases the productivity with real time communication between the front office, administrators, and management. It consist reporting, accounting, financing, examination grade, etc. Hostel Module Hostel management module has features of efficiently and effectively managing the entire residential facility in the institute. It has reducing the staff paper works and improved workflows. This hostel module will keep the updated records of students, lodging, transfer room and other facilities. Hostel Management System (HMS) is a system which helps in managing various activities in the hostel. According to Miss Azlinda Binti Alias (Officer Accommodation Office), the previous system used in INTI is called Room Master. The older systems (Room Master) only perform three single functions for the hostel. That is check-out, check-in and booking. It didnt help the staff very much in the hostel. Many works that also need to do manually by the staff. It required more strength and strain of manual labor needed. For example, the staffs need to go to the finance office to get the list of students who enroll for the semester in order to do the check-in for them. It is because of lacking of data-sharing and availability between finance office and accommodation office. In the previous system, staffs in accommodation office need to record all kind of transactions and processes manually which involves more man power. There are many paper works and duplicate task in data entry. It is difficu lt to handle and store the data. Besides, there is also difficult to update the data while there is always got students move in and move out every semester. With the help of computerized information system, it can reduce the human errors. With the new system, it brings many conveniences to the staff. Thus, it has improving their efficiency and productivity in works. As the mention in above, Hostel Management System (HMS) is a sub module of the Total Campus Management System (TCMS). TCMS has improved communication and data-sharing between the departments in a collaborative environment. There is a link between HMS and TCMS which enable the staff in Accommodation office can access the information needed from the finance office. Yet, TCMS also control the access to data and information based on user roles which means that there is a control over information each user can view or edit. Staffs do not need like before do their work manually. Hostel Management System has helped the accommodation office in saving the human resource as compared to the previous system (Room Master). All the edited information or updated information will show in the HMS immediately. HMS has provides the best service to the accommodation office in managing daily workflows. Through the implementation of Hostel Management System, it has replacing manual system where it able the staff to complete the work more efficient and effectively. The system has helped in managing any problem occurring within the hostel accommodation and avoiding any problem when keying in the detail manually. Therefore, through the usage of this system, they can easily manage the room details, student records, room vacancy details, mess bill calculation, mess expenditure, allocation of room and hostel attendances. Besides, repetition can be easily avoided. It also has reduced that data redundancy and any inconsistency of data. The accommodation office uses Hostel Management System to key in all the details of the students who are staying in the hostels. This system is mainly used to do room bookings, check in and check out of the students and also the payment for the accommodation. Reports in regard to the room allocation, room availability, student transfer and evacuation are provided too. System Functions: Hostel Management System (HMS) has several functions which enable the staffs from accommodation office such as allocate students to the different hostels, reserve the room for the students, control status of rental payment and edit the details of the students modify the student records. Allocating students to the hostels The officers must check the details in an application form of the students and verify it from database to match the application of students. Therefore, when the students are eligible then they are allocated to the hostel. The officers will also allocate the room according the requirements of the students as there are different types of rooms are available. Vacating the room As the students have completed their course In INTI, they will be graduated and vacant their rooms. When the students vacant their room, the officer needs to check whether the room facilities have missing or broken down. If all facilities are completed, accommodation office will return the deposits to the students. Thus, the officers in accommodation office will have to remove the particular student details and records from the student database. This is to ensure there will not be the problem exists when the existing residents records coincide with previous residents. Control status of rental payment Every student who stays in the hostel has to make a rental payment every semester. The rental payment varies by the types of room available. As the students who need to book the rooms every semester, they need to pass up a form and get the invoice from the accommodation office. The officers need to key in details of the students as well as type of room that the student want, the system will eventually know how much the students has to pay for that particular semester for their chosen room. Lastly, the officer needs to process it and print out the invoice for the students to make their payments at the Finance Office. There is a link between the system of Finance Office and Hostel Management System. Besides, officers are also able to check any outstanding payments which have not been made by the students through the processing of the system. Editing the details of the student and modifying the students records As there are new students move into the hostels, they need to register themselves as a residents of the hostels. The officers need to key in the details of the new students who want to move in into the database. Therefore, the officers have to edit the details of the students and modify the student records to ensure the data is updated. Besides, this system also enable staffs of accommodation office to check whether the student have done their room booking or rental payments, it can also check whether if the students are staying in the hostels or not, and it can retrieve records of where the students have stayed before. Maintenance Maintenance of the Hostel Management System (HMS) will only do when the system facing the problem. The systems no need to have a check annually or quarterly. According to the officer of the Accommodation Office Azlinda Binti Alias, she says the system is not facing any serious problem until now. Regardless to the update, the system will have update when the Hostel Management System (HMS) doesnt meet the requirement of the Total Campus Management System (TCMS). In this point, Information System Office (INSO) Information Technology Centre (INTC) which is from the INTI International University departments will handle this update. The staff of the Accommodation Office only is the end user of the system. They dun know about the technical problem of the system. The entire problem will pass to INSO INTC to handle. Problem that Hostel Management System(HMS) having Future Plan There is a problem that Hostel Management System (HMS) is having. From the interview, we know that when the Total Campus Management System (TCMS) is giving a huge amount of staff is using, HMS will be affected. Example like, when the TCMS is jamming because of many people is using its, HMS cant send or received the information from the TCMS. The staffs have to wait the TCMS recover only they can do their works. Future plan of the Accommodation Office is to create an E-service for the residents of the hostel. The E-services will provide residents an on-line booking room functions. Residents do not need like before do their room booking manually. But due to some problem they are considering, the panning is still waiting to approve. The problem they are considering have many, one of them is they are considering that now a day residents computer skill is very good. They finding a good security for the E-services to provide the system will be hack by the residents. INTI International University Library System: Integrated Management System Utility (ILMU) University background, history nature of business Tan Sri Abdul Majid Library was established in April 1998 with the opening of the INTI International University, Nilai campus. It has grown and developed over the years and now is located at the universitys new wing known as the Learning Resource Center. The Library serves a growing academic community, at present some of 6,000 members, who are mainly staff and students of INTI International University. The Library currently has a collection of approximately 90,000 items comprising of materials in various formats such as monographs, serials and multimedia. The INTI International University Library, standing as the heart of the campus, will continue to develop into a dynamic resource center by providing the intellectual needs for its academic community. (TSAM Library, 2009) Libraries have traditionally played a role of physical store or housing print materials. The accessibility of the web has seen shift the position of library. Records describing local print materials now sit side by side with records providing links to external web resources. Nowadays, the world keep changing with fast developed technologies, people are more easily to access information online. The scope of what a library system describes has broadened in a way with exceeding the expectations of its digitally-literate end-users. Libraries are constrained in the amount of investment they can make on new systems. The role and function of the library are changing and developing, especially in relation to the provision for collection and circulation, resource discovery, ownership and control, and access to resources. Enhancing usability and accessibility for an increasingly diverse user community is important for library. It demonstrates clearly that how the growth of system developments to deal with the changes of electronic information and its impact on information. System Development The INTI library currently uses the system that is calling Integrated Library Management Utility (ILMU). This system helps library in managing daily operation that has reduced librarians daily workloads. Before applying ILMU, all works and processes were done by manually which is wasting times and resources. According to Puan Hafsah Zainuddin( Chief Library), during that time, INTI is small institution, the capital is no enough, people who work in library had to record purchasing, collection, borrowing, returning matter by manually and key into system which is wasting time and inconveniently. It causes the problem of when managing data which is massive as u can image with thousands collection which need to be done manually. There is also causing the existence of human error which we cannot avoid but we also cannot say that with the use of system this problem can be solved. There is why library investing in Integrated Library Management System Utility (ILMU) which has helped in reducing workflow and improve efficiency and providing convenience to both librarians and users of it. It record clearly the transactions of the books daily of the library. The Integrated Library Management Utility (ILMU) is a kind of Library Management System with the characteristic of having a relational database, software to support the database, and two graphical user interfaces. Its key value to library is its ability to offer a catalogue and to manage workflows. It is also seen as the most cost effective way to handle infrastructure tasks such as acquisitions, cataloguing and circulation. ILMU have developed in association to technical advances and user requirements, mainly in developing electronic interfaces, refining standards and access protocols, purchasing and acquisition processes and cataloguing systems. System Functions The system separate software functions into discrete programs which call modules like Circulation Module, Cataloguing Module, Acquisitions Module, Serials Module and Reporting Module. Circulation The Circulation Module enables the library in controlling inventory, managing patron information, payments, and circulation transactions (borrowing and returning). The module has a feature that user-friendly structure that includes customizable menus and mnemonic keys for quick access to frequently used functions. Cataloguing The Cataloguing Module has a feature that a graphical text editor, classifying and indexing material, bibliographic file management en powerful tools to handle bibliographic descriptions. In the modules data dictionary, the library can also define other formats in order to provide access to multiple databases. Acquisitions The Acquisitions Module enables the library to fully manage the ordering process with completely integrated with the other V-smart modules. The Acquisitions Module has a characteristic of broad fund management and control functionalities, flexible print options, multiple order types, receiving and invoicing materials. Serials The Serials Module is linked directly to the Acquisitions Module for the library to manage all financial aspects of serials orders and subscriptions (journals, newspapers, bulletin and magazine). The Serials Module is use to monitor monthly transactions- the flow of journals, payments and record. Yet, there is a little of serials in library because of the availability of journals online that can help INTI library to save the cost of buying it. Reporting The Reporting Module can generate the standard reports and flexible output options. The library can directly obtain system information such as collection details and financial data. The reports such like number of hold placed, number of hold filled, bibliographic records with holds, items-level holds, missing items, the volume of material in a given library at any point in time, based on new acquisitions, items on the shelf, and items out in circulation, with the ability to break down volume in categories. E-Services Support Systems E-Services Support Systems provides users check and access information about the collection themselves easily and conveniently with electronic information environment .via the Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) also available in the library for users to search for any library items on the shelves which has reduced the work of librarians that have to deal with the inquiries of books by students. Renewal and reservation can be made online through OPAC/Web OPAC and at the circulation counter. Diagram shows that the module of the Integrated Library Utility System (ILMU) . INTI University Library follows the Library of Congress system of Classification. The classification is as follows: Class Letter Main Class A General Works B Philosophy, Religion, Psychology C Auxiliary Sciences of History D History (General) and History of Europe EF History: America G Geography, Anthropology, Recreation H Social Sciences J Political Sciences K Law L Education M Music and Books on Music N Fine Arts P Language and Literature Q Science R Medicine S Agriculture T Technology U Military Science V Naval science Z Bibliography, Library Science, Information Resources (General) Maintainence of The System The maintainence of the library system will do every quartery a year. The maintanence of the system can devided to three stages : 1st stages- Under this stages, the librarians will fixed the system theirselves. They will check the system performance and solve the problem when it happen system error. 2nd stages- At this stages, the problems cant solve by the librarians. They will contact to the company, and the staff of the company will give instuctions to the librarians to solve the problems. 3rd stages- In this stages, the may have a serious problems occur by the system. The staff of the company will come to INTI library and solve the problems. Besides that, the library system also need to updated. The company will help the INTI library update the system. All updated data are free in charge. With the system updated, the company also provide a traning program to the librarians in order to learn how to use the updated system. They will anually send a schedule to the INTI library to inform they when to go for the training. Beside update, the company will also introduce some new module to INTI library. Then the chief of the library will make a decission wheter to buy the module or not. During the interview, the chief have mention that she trying to adopt a new module to the library. The new module functions self-service borrow book. Student can borrow the book through the system without go to the counter. The destination is to reduce the staff worker in the library to reduce the cost. E-library E-library system is the most current system that INTI library is using. The system is only allows in the campus. If the student use this system in their home or outside this campus, they will not able to sign in this pages. The aim is to prevent the public hack into the system. There are no securities in this system. Anyone from outside who get the account of the INTI student would able to log in to the system and borrow the book.The system provide many function which it is all link to the Integrated Library Management Utility system ( ILMU). The development of e-library system bring convience to both the student and librarians. The function of the system is to allow student to check the information of the book that they want. The system link through to the ILMU and will tell them the status of the book that student want to borrow. Student no need waste the time go to the library. It saves a lot of time. Student can also reserve the book that they want to borrow. When student reserve the book. The ILMU system will record the student account and the book that student want to borrow. This will help the e-library to renew the status of the book in the library. Librarians can also post the note on the e-library to inform student that some new books are coming out. Student can through the system to know what new book that they are interest in. Besides that, the librarian will also use the e-mail services to send the list of new book to the students who are seldom check the e-mail. These let the student always updated with the book of the library. However in order to use this system, student has to sign up an account. The sign up fees is RM100. If student forget the password, student can send the e-mail to the e-library system. The librarians who control the system will reset the password of the account and send new password to the student through e-mail or sms.

Clinical Depression :: essays research papers

Clinical depression is very common. Over nine million Americans are diagnosed with clinical depression at some point in their lives. Many more people suffer from clinical depression because they do not seek treatment. They may feel that depression is a personal weakness, or try to cope with their symptoms alone. On the other hand, some people are comfortable with admitting their symptoms and seeking help. Such a discrepancy may account for the differences in reported cases of depression between men and women, which indicate that more than twice the numbers of women than men are clinically depressed. According to the numbers of reported cases of depression, 25% of women and 10% of men will have one or more episodes of clinical depression during their lifetimes. The biologic basis of Clinical Depression originates in the brain. Your brain is made up of a complex network of nerve cells, called neurons and of brain chemicals, called neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters transmit messages from one neuron to another. Two of these neurotransmitters are not produced in sufficient quantities in a depressed person’s brain. Because of this lack, too few messages get transmitted between neurons and the symptoms of depression occur. In Clinical depression the chemicals in the brain are out-of-balance. New technology allows researchers to take pictures of the brain that show activity levels in the brain. These imaging techniques such as f-MRI and PET scan actually create images of how active different parts of the brain are. Some studies with these kinds of techniques have suggested that the patterns of activation in the brains of depressed people are different than those who are not. These tests can help doctors and researchers learn more ab out depression and other mental illnesses. Since this research is fairly new, it is not yet used to diagnose clinical depression. Strong evidence suggests that clinical depression runs in families. Still, just because a person has family members with clinical depression does not guarantee that he or she will develop it. Similarly, you may get it even if no one else in your family has had it. People with high levels of stress are much more likely to develop depression that those who do not. Though most people go through a "down" period after a particularly stressful event like a divorce or death of a loved one, sometimes extremely difficult stresses can trigger depressive episodes in certain people who are susceptible to the illness.